The GBA : A Rising World-class Port Group

粤港澳大湾区滨江临海，经济发达，拥有得天独厚的港口发展条件，是世界上通过能力最大、水深条件最好的区域性港口群之一，区域港口吞吐量位居世界各湾区之首。2017年，大湾区共拥有广州、深圳、香港、东莞、珠海等5个亿吨大港，中山、惠州、佛山等港口吞吐量均突破8000吨。广州、深圳、香港三个国际枢纽港口继续发挥龙头作用，珠江口东西两岸周边港口齐头并进，西江流域江海联运更加便捷。一个实力雄厚、合作紧密、分工明确、服务泛珠三角地区经济发展的国际航运中心和世界级港口群正在形成。

The Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Dawan District is surrounded by the sea and has developed economy. It has unique conditions for port development. It is one of the world’s largest regional port groups with the best capacity and deep water conditions. The regional port throughput ranks first in the world’s bay areas. In 2017, Dawan District has a total of 5 billion tons of large ports such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Dongguan and Zhuhai. The throughput of ports such as Zhongshan, Huizhou and Foshan has exceeded 8,000 tons. The three international hub ports of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong continue to play a leading role. The ports around the east and west sides of the Pearl River Estuary go hand in hand, and the river-sea combined transport in the Xijiang River Basin is more convenient. An international shipping center and a world-class port group that are strong in strength, close in cooperation, clear in division of labor, and serving the economic development of the Pan-Pearl River Delta region are taking shape.

广深港三足鼎立，分工格局日渐明确

The position of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong is becoming clearer.

在粤港澳大湾区众多港口中，广州、深圳、香港的港口始终占据核心地位，同为实力不凡的国际枢纽港口，在英国劳氏2016全球港口百强的排名中都跻身前十，其吞吐量总和比港口百强排名中后30名的总和还要多。近十几年来，三个港口的实力对比不断发生变化。随着深圳港的强势崛起，大湾区形成了深港“双雄争霸”的局面。近年来广州港奋力直追，与深圳港、香港港形成了三足鼎立的格局。2017年，广深港三港依然延续了这样的格局。

Among the many ports in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, the ports of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong have always occupied a central position. They are also international hub ports with outstanding strength. They are among the top ten in the ranks of the top 100 global ports in the UK. The sum of the total is more than the sum of the last 30 in the top 100 ports. In the past decade or so, the strength of the three ports has constantly changed. With the strong rise of Shenzhen Port, Dawan District has formed a situation in which Shenzhen and Hong Kong “both heroes fight for hegemony”. In recent years, Guangzhou Port has been struggling to catch up, forming a three-pronged pattern with Shenzhen Port and Hong Kong Port. In 2017, the three ports of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong continued this pattern.

2017年，广州港共完成货物吞吐量59000万吨，规模居大湾区各港口首位，并位居全国沿海港口第3位，仅次于宁波-舟山港和上海港。集装箱方面，广州港首次突破2000万标准箱，共完成吞吐量2035万TEU，位居大湾区各港口第3位。广州港与深圳港的差距从2016年的698万TEU缩小至去年的485万TEU。

In 2017, Guangzhou Port completed a total cargo throughput of 590 million tons, ranking first in the ports of Dawan Bay and ranking third in the national coastal ports, second only to Ningbo-Zhoushan Port and Shanghai Port. In terms of containers, Guangzhou Port exceeded 20 million TEUs for the first time, with a total throughput of 20.35 million TEUs, ranking third among all ports in Dawan District. The gap between Guangzhou Port and Shenzhen Port has shrunk from 6.98 million TEU in 2016 to 4.85 million TEU last year.

深圳港以全年24136.28万吨的货物吞吐量排名大湾区第三。集装箱方面，深圳港全年共完成集装箱吞吐量2520.87万TEU，同比增长5.13%，为近10年来最高增幅，吞吐量继续位于全球三甲。但由于宁波-舟山港增长更为强劲，两港的差距不断缩小。

Shenzhen Port ranked third in Dawan District with a cargo throughput of 241,362,800 tons. In terms of containers, Shenzhen Port completed a total container throughput of 25.208 million TEU for the whole year, an increase of 5.13% year-on-year, the highest increase in the past 10 years, and the throughput continues to be located in the top three in the world. However, due to the stronger growth of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, the gap between the two ports has been shrinking.

2017年前三季度，香港港共完成货物吞吐量20681.1万吨，位居大湾区各港口第2位。集装箱方面，香港港实现了近6年来的首次正增长，共完成集装箱吞吐量2076.3万TEU，同比增长4.8%，重回2000万级行列。

In the first three quarters of 2017, Hong Kong Port completed a total cargo throughput of 206.81 million tons, ranking second in all ports in Dawan District. In terms of containers, Hong Kong Port achieved its first positive growth in the past six years, with a total container throughput of 20.763 million TEU, an increase of 4.8% year-on-year and a return to the rank of 20 million.

多年来，广深港三港在竞争中共同进步。随着粤港澳大湾区建设的快速推进，未来三港通过加强合作、明确分工，实现竞合，将有利于促进自身和湾区港口群更好的发展。依托发达的对外贸易，深圳未来可以珠江三角洲货物的集装箱国际干线运输为主，成为珠江口东岸和江西南部的腹地货物进出口海港。广州拥有珠江口西岸、粤北、湖南、广西中北部、贵州等广阔的腹地，可以内地集装箱的沿海运输为主，成为这些地区的货物进出口海港。而香港凭借本港低税、免税的优势，可以继续发展转口的业务，成为服务大湾区的国际中转港。

Over the years, guangzhou, shenzhen and Hong Kong have made common progress in the competition. With the rapid development of the guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area, strengthening cooperation, clarifying the division of labor and achieving competition and cooperation among the three ports in the future will be conducive to the better development of themselves and the bay area port cluster. Relying on the developed foreign trade, shenzhen will be able to transport goods mainly on the international trunk line of the pearl river delta in the future, and become the port of import and export of goods on the east bank of the pearl river estuary and the hinterland of southern jiangxi. Guangzhou has a broad hinterland in the west bank of the pearl river estuary, north guangdong, hunan, central and northern guangxi, guizhou, etc., which can be the main coastal transportation of inland containers and become the port for import and export of goods in these areas. With the advantages of low tax and exemption, Hong Kong can continue to develop entrepot business and become an international entrepot serving the greater bay area.

东西两岸周边港口齐头并进，共同发展

The ports on both sides developing together

虽然珠江口东西两岸的周边港口在港口规模、经济腹地、航线等指标上与三大龙头港不在一个重量级，但各港口充分利用自身优势，抱团发展，也取得了可喜的发展成绩。

Although the neighboring ports on the east and west sides of the pearl river estuary are not as heavyweight as the three leading ports in terms of port scale, economic hinterland, air routes and other indicators, they have made gratifying achievements in development by making full use of their own advantages.

东莞港是湾区第四大港口。在英国劳氏2016全球港口百强的排名中，东莞港位居第40，实力不容小觑。2017年，东莞港共完成货物吞吐量15700万吨，同比增长7.75%。集装箱方面，东莞港共完成集装箱吞吐量391.32万TEU，同比增长7.44%。作为“世界工厂”，东莞有着巨大的航运需求，这也将继续为东莞港的发展提供动力，支持港口不断做大做强。

Dongguan port is the fourth largest port in the bay area. In the ranking of Lloyd’s 2016 top 100 global ports, dongguan port ranks the 40th, and its strength cannot be underestimated. In 2017, the port handled a total of 15.7 million tons of cargo, up 7.75 percent year-on-year. In terms of containers, the port handled 3.913 million TEU of containers, up 7.44 percent year-on-year. As the “factory of the world”, dongguan has a huge demand for shipping, which will continue to provide impetus for the development of dongguan port and support the port to become bigger and stronger.

惠州港是华南地区不可多得的天然良港，是国家一类口岸。2017年，惠州港共完成货物吞吐量7211万吨，完成集装箱吞吐量35.4万TEU。未来，惠州港将逐步发展成为以石油化工品、集装箱为主，兼顾件杂货和大宗散货运输的多功能、综合性港口。

Huizhou port is a rare natural port in south China. In 2017, huizhou port handled 72.11 million tons of goods and 354,000 TEU of containers. In the future, huizhou port will gradually develop into a multi-functional and comprehensive port that focuses on petroleum and chemical products and containers and takes into account the transportation of sundries and bulk cargoes.

中山港依托本地发达的制造业和便利的交通，也取得了良好的发展成果。2017年，中山港共完成货物吞吐量8044万吨，同比增长18.5%。同时，完成集装箱吞吐量144万TEU，同比增长6.3%。未来，中山将努力建设粤港澳大湾区世界级先进制造业基地，打造区域性综合交通枢纽，中山港也将迎来新的发展机遇。

Relying on the local advanced manufacturing industry and convenient transportation, zhongshan port has also achieved good development results. In 2017, zhongshan port handled 80.44 million tons of cargo, up 18.5 percent year-on-year. Meanwhile, container throughput reached 1.44 million TEU, up 6.3 percent year-on-year. In the future, zhongshan port will strive to build a world-class advanced manufacturing base in the guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area and build a regional comprehensive transportation hub. Zhongshan port will also embrace new development opportunities.

珠海港是全国 25 个沿海主要港口之一。2017年，珠海港共完成货物吞吐量13586万吨，完成集装箱吞吐量227万TEU。随着珠三角能源密集型企业向粤西转移，以及广深两港大宗散货向周边港口外溢，珠海港有望实现进一步快速发展。

Zhuhai port is one of the 25 major coastal ports in China. In 2017, zhuhai port handled 135.86 million tons of cargo and 2.27 million TEU of containers. Zhuhai port is expected to achieve further rapid development as energy-intensive enterprises in the pearl river delta move to the west of guangdong province and bulk cargo from guangzhou and shenzhen spill over to neighboring ports.

江海联运更加便捷，内河港口发展迅猛

River-sea combined transport is more convenient

西江全长2214公里，地表径流量仅次于长江，是中国内河航道中著名的“黄金水道”。西江航道上接自然资源丰富的云、贵、桂等省区，下接珠江水网直达港澳，并与国际海运网直接对接，不仅是两广水上交通大动脉，也是构筑“泛珠三角”区域经济体系与建设中国——东盟自由贸易区的一个重要出海口。肇庆港处西江走廊和“泛珠三角”咽喉地带，具有十分优越的区位优势和航运条件。近年来，西江黄金水道通航条件不断改善。经过多次扩能升级，西江航道肇庆段的通航能力已从2008年的1000吨级提升至2017年的3000吨级，肇庆港也迎来了迅猛的发展。2017年前三季度，肇庆港共完成货物吞吐量2818.4万吨，同比增长21%。集装箱方面，2017年前三季度，肇庆港完成集装箱吞吐量59.1万TEU，同比增长13%。在广佛肇经济圈增长效应的带动下，肇庆港有望继续保持较快增长，并成为连接珠三角和上游广西等地的中转港。

With a total length of 2,214 kilometers, xijiang river, second only to the Yangtze river in surface runoff, is a famous “golden waterway” in China’s inland waterway. Xijiang waterway connects yunnan, guizhou, guangxi and other provinces with rich natural resources, and the pearl river water network directly connects Hong Kong and Macao, and directly connects with the international shipping network. It is not only the main artery of water transportation between guangdong and guangdong, but also an important outlet for building the “pan-pearl river delta” regional economic system and china-asean free trade area. Zhaoqing port is located in xijiang corridor and “pan-pearl river delta” throat area, with very superior geographical advantages and shipping conditions. In recent years, the navigation condition of xijiang golden waterway has been improved continuously. After several times of expansion and upgrading, the navigable capacity of zhaoqing section of xijiang river waterway has been upgraded from 1000t in 2008 to 3000t in 2017, and zhaoqing port has also ushered in rapid development. In the first three quarters of 2017, zhaoqing port handled a total of 28.84 million tons of cargo, up 21 percent year-on-year. In terms of containers, in the first three quarters of 2017, zhaoqing port completed 591,000 TEU of container throughput, up 13 percent year-on-year. Driven by the growth effect of guangfo-hajime economic circle, zhaoqing port is expected to maintain rapid growth and become a transit port connecting the pearl river delta and upstream guangxi.

佛山河网密布，除西江和北江外，还有众多支流。佛山有通航河流76条，通航里程超过1350公里，约占全省通航里程10%，佛山港也是珠江流域最大的内河港。近年来，佛山市加快顺德水道和西江出海航道的港口码头建设，与广州、中山共同参与打造南沙港区枢纽，使广州南沙港[南沙港是广州的喔]区成为佛山全力参与“一带一路”和粤港澳大湾区建设的门户，让佛山港加入珠西出海大通道队伍，提升佛山在大湾区建设中的竞争力。2017年，佛山港货物吞吐量与集装箱吞吐量都实现了两位数的快速发展。佛山港全年共完成货物吞吐量8016万吨，同比增长21.3%。集装箱方面，佛山港全年共完成集装箱吞吐量391万TEU，同比增长21.7%。未来，佛山港还将继续推进与南沙港以及中山、珠海等珠江口西岸地区港口的合作，共同打造粤港澳大湾区世界级港口群。

Foshan river network, in addition to xijiang and beijiang, there are many tributaries. There are 76 navigable rivers in foshan, with the navigable mileage exceeding 1,350 kilometers, accounting for about 10% of the navigable mileage in the whole province. Foshan port is also the largest inland port in the pearl river basin. In recent years, foshan city, accelerate shunde waterway and xijiang seaward waterway construction of ports, and guangzhou, zhongshan jointly build the hinge of the nansha port, the guangzhou nansha port/is guangzhou nansha area to become fully engaged in foshan “area” and the construction of a large bay area of guangdong portal, foshan port to join bead west sea channel team, to improve competitiveness of the construction of foshan in the bay area. In 2017, both the cargo throughput and container throughput of foshan port achieved double-digit rapid development. Foshan port handled 80.16 million tons of cargo in the whole year, up 21.3% year-on-year. In terms of containers, foshan port handled 3.91 million TEU of containers in the whole year, up 21.7% year-on-year. In the future, foshan port will continue to promote cooperation with nansha port, zhongshan port, zhuhai port and other ports on the west bank of the pearl river estuary, and jointly build a world-class port cluster in the guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area.